Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is a common eye infection that causes inflammation and redness in the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, allergens, and irritants, and can be highly contagious.
Types of conjunctivitis
Viral: Viral conjunctivitis is very common. Sometimes it is linked with a low-grade upper respiratory condition that seems to be a common cold. Inflammation of the cornea often goes along with viral conjunctivitis.
Allergic: Pollen, cosmetics, chemicals in the air or dust can cause allergic conjunctivitis. It usually affects both eyes. Symptoms include extreme itching, mucousy discharge, moderate redness, tearing and sometimes nasal discharge and head congestion. Hay fever and upper respiratory infections often go along with allergic conjunctivitis. The skin and eyelids may become inflamed, swollen and itchy.
Bacterial: Bacterial conjunctivitis is very common and may start quickly or over a period of days. Symptoms can be mild or severe, depending on the type of bacteria involved and the general health and natural resistance of the infected person.
Chemical/toxic: Direct contact with noxious fumes, particles or chemical fluids may cause a red eye with tearing, pain and sensitivity to light. The severity depends on the type of chemical and the length of time the eye was exposed to it.
Causes of Conjunctivitis:
Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by a bacterial infection that can be spread through contact with contaminated hands, towels, or other personal items. Viral conjunctivitis is caused by a virus, such as the common cold, and can be spread through airborne droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces. Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by an allergic reaction to pollen, dust, or other irritants, and can be seasonal or year-round. Finally, irritant conjunctivitis can be caused by exposure to smoke, chemicals, or other irritants.
Symptoms and Treatment of Conjunctivitis:
The most common symptoms of conjunctivitis include redness, itching, and tearing in the affected eye or eyes. Other symptoms may include discharge, sensitivity to light, and swollen eyelids.
Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause of the infection. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments, while viral conjunctivitis usually clears up on its own within a few days. Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with antihistamine eye drops or oral medications, and irritant conjunctivitis can often be treated by removing the source of the irritation.
Prevention of Conjunctivitis:
The best way to prevent conjunctivitis is to practice good hygiene habits. This includes washing your hands frequently with soap and water or using a hand sanitizer, avoiding touching your eyes, and avoiding sharing personal items such as towels or makeup. If you have conjunctivitis, avoid close contact with others and stay home from work or school until the infection has cleared up.
Self-Hygiene and Care
Using antimicrobial coating sprays and hand sanitizer are important preventive measures to keep yourself and others safe from conjunctivitis. Antimicrobial coating sprays can be used on frequently touched surfaces such as door handles, light switches, and countertops to help kill germs and reduce the spread of bacteria and viruses. Hand sanitizer can also be a quick and easy way to kill germs on your hands when soap and water are not readily available. By making these practices a habit, you can help reduce the risk of infection and keep your eyes and the eyes of those around you healthy. Remember to always practice good hygiene, wash your hands regularly, avoid touching your eyes, and avoid sharing personal items to prevent the spread of conjunctivitis.
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In conclusion, conjunctivitis is a common eye infection that can be caused by a variety of factors. While treatment depends on the underlying cause of the infection, the best way to prevent conjunctivitis is to practice good hygiene habits, including washing your hands frequently and avoiding close contact with others who may be sick. By using hand sanitizer regularly, you can help keep yourself and others safe from the spread of infection.
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Source:
https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/conjunctivitis-viral-conjunctivitis